Research

We study the geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) of the ocean and atmosphere, using theory, state-of-the-art high-resolution numerical models, and observations. A particular focus of our work is the ocean submesoscale (horizontal scales of 0.1-10 kms), a range of scales which are particularly challenging for traditional observational and computational methods. Understanding the dynamics of the ocean submesoscale is currently one of the most outstanding challenges in ocean physics, with fundamental connections to large-scale ocean circulation, ocean primary productivity, and air-sea interaction.

Click the below topics for more info, or see publications.

Bottom boundary layer

Submesoscale processes in the ocean bottom boundary layer

Multi-scale dynamics

From turbulence to the submesoscale to the gyre scale

Air-sea interaction

Coupled interaction between the atmosphere and ocean

Teaching

Physical Oceanography (AOSC420/670)
Fall 2020-2025: Course Flyer, Syllabus


Oceanography of the Chesapeake and Mid-Atlantic (AOSC421)
Spring 2022-2024: Syllabus


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Publications

Group members in bold.

Submitted

  • Zhang, Z. and 27 coauthors: Oceanic Submesoscale Processes and their Impacts. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
  • Knudsen, L., J.O. Wenegrat, J. Hilditch, and L. Thomas: Parametric subharmonic instability in the ocean bottom boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics preprint
  • Wenegrat, J.O., T. Chor, and Roy Barkan: Coarse-grained local available potential energy. Journal of Fluid Mechanics preprint

Published

2026
  • Zheng, Z., J.O. Wenegrat, B. Fox-Kemper, T. Chor, and G.J. Brett, 2026: Submesoscale frontogenesis drives strong finescale tracer subduction. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans in press. preprint
  • Uchoa, I., J.O. Wenegrat, A. Kinsella, I.M. Leyba, L. O'Neill, and L. Lenain, 2026: Observed rapid adjustment of the atmospheric boundary layer to submesoscale sea surface temperature fronts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 123 (30), e2605662123, doi:10.1073/pnas.2605662123 onlinepdf
  • Renault, L., J.O. Wenegrat, H. Seo, and P. Marchesiello, 2026: The energetics of fine-scale air-sea interactions. Annual Review of Marine Science. 19, in press. online
  • Chor, T., J.O. Wenegrat, and G. Wagner, 2026: Turbulent mixing and dissipation around rough seamounts. Geophys. Res. Lett. 53, e2025GL121312, doi:10.1029/2025GL121312 onlinepdf
  • Buijsman, M., A. Waterhouse, and 33 coauthors (alphabetical), 2026: A Multi-Agency Experiment on Internal Wave Energy, Mixing, and Interactions and their Representation in Global Ocean Models and Operational Forecasts. BAMS. 107, E158-E182. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0174.1 onlinepdf
2025
  • Renault, L., C. Contreras, J.O. Wenegrat, and I. Uchoa, 2025: Interplay of Submesoscale Current and Thermal Feedbacks: A Seasonal Perspective in the Gulf Stream. Geophys. Res. Lett. 52, 21, e2025GL116960, doi: 10.1029/2025GL116960 onlinepdf
  • Chen, Z., J.O. Wenegrat, T. Chor, and P. Marchesiello, 2025: Evaluating turbulence parameterizations at gray zone resolutions for the ocean surface boundary layer. JAMES. 17, e2025MS005104, doi:10.1029/2025MS005104 onlinepdf
  • Zheng, Z., J.O. Wenegrat, B. Fox-Kemper, and G.J. Brett, 2025: Wind-catalyzed energy exchanges between fronts and boundary layer turbulence. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 55, 1591-1606, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-24-0243.1 onlinepdf
  • Uchoa, I., J.O. Wenegrat, and L. Renault, 2025: Sink of eddy energy by submesoscale sea surface temperature variability in a coupled regional model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 55, 993-1007, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-24-0040.1. onlinepdf
  • Chor, T., and J.O. Wenegrat, 2025: The turbulent dynamics of anticyclonic submesoscale headland wakes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 55, 737-759, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-24-0139.1. onlinepdf
  • Wegener, R., J.O. Wenegrat, V. Lance, and S. Lama, 2025: Spatial variability of marine heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries and Coasts. 48, 113, doi:10.1007/s12237- 025-01546-9. onlinepdf
  • Whitley, V., and J.O. Wenegrat, 2025: Breaking internal waves on sloping topography: connecting parcel displacements to overturn size, interior-boundary exchanges, and mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 55, 645-661. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-24-0052.1 onlinepdf
  • Farrar, T. and 37 coauthors (alphabetical), 2025: S-MODE: the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment. BAMS, 106(4). doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0178.1, onlinepdf
2024
  • Nuijens, L, J.O. Wenegrat, P. Lopez Dekker, C. Pasquero, L.W. O'Neill, and 45 coauthors (alphabetical), 2024: The air-sea interaction (ASI) submesoscale: Physics and impact Lorentz Center Workshop Whitepaper, doi:10.5065/78ac-qd31 onlinepdf
  • Renault, L., M. Contreras, P. Marchesiello, C. Conejero, I. Uchoa, and J.O. Wenegrat 2024: Unraveling the impacts of submesoscale thermal and current feedbacks on the low level winds and oceanic submesoscale currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 54, 12, 2463-2486. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-24-0097.1 onlinepdf
  • Dong, J., B. Fox-Kemper, J.O. Wenegrat, A. Bodner, X. Yu, S. Belcher, and C. Dong, 2024: Submesoscales are a significant turbulence source in global ocean surface boundary layer. Nature Comms. 15, 9566. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53959-y onlinepdf
  • Farrar, T., and Co-Authors, 2024: Ocean surface current measurements in the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment. IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2020. 3533-3536. doi: 10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10642950 onlinepdf
2023
  • Wenegrat, J.O., 2023: The current feedback on stress modifies the Ekman buoyancy flux at fronts. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 53, 12, 2737-3749. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-23-0005.1 onlinepdf
2022
  • Chor, T., J.O. Wenegrat, and J.R. Taylor, 2022: Insights into the mixing efficiency of submesoscale Centrifugal-Symmetric instabilities. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 52, 10, 2273-2287. doi:10.1175/JPO- D-21-0259.1 onlinepdf
  • Wenegrat, J.O. , E. Bonanno, U. Rack, and G. Gebbie, 2022: A century of observed temperature change in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL098217, doi:10.1029/2022GL098217. onlinepdf
2021
  • Ruan, X., J.O. Wenegrat, and J. Gula, 2021: Slippery bottom boundary layers: the loss of energy from the general circulation by bottom drag. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48, 19. doi: 10.1029/2021GL094434 onlinepdf
  • Elipot, S., and J.O. Wenegrat, 2021: Vertical structure of near-surface currents: Importance, state of knowledge, and measurement challenges. CLIVAR Variations, 19. doi:10.5065/ybca-0s03 onlinepdf
2020
  • Wenegrat, J.O., L.N. Thomas, M. Sundermeyer, J.R. Taylor, E.A. D'Asaro, J. Klymak, R.K. Shearman, and C.M. Lee, 2020: Enhanced mixing across the gyre boundary at the Gulf Stream front. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117, 30, 17607-17614. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005558117 onlinepdfSI
  • Farrar, T., and Co-Authors, 2020: S-MODE: The Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment. IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2020. 3533-3536. doi: 10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323112 onlinepdf
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and L.N. Thomas, 2020: Centrifugal and symmetric instability during Ekman adjustment of the bottom boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 50, 6, 1793-1812. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-20-0027.1 onlinepdf
  • Johnson, L., C.M. Lee, E.A. D'Asaro, J.O. Wenegrat, and L.N. Thomas, 2020: Restratification at a California current upwelling front, part II: Dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 50, 5, 1473-1487. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0204.1 onlinepdf
2018
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and R.S. Arthur, 2018: Response of the atmospheric boundary layer to submesoscale sea-surface temperature fronts. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, 24, 13505-13512. doi: 10.1029/2018GL081034 onlinepdf
  • Wenegrat, J.O., J. Callies, and L.N. Thomas, 2018: Submesoscale baroclinic instability in the bottom boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 48, 11, 2571-2592. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0264.1 onlinepdf
  • Wenegrat, J.O., L.N. Thomas, J. Gula, and J.C. McWilliams, 2018: Effects of the submesoscale on the potential vorticity budget of ocean mode waters. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 48, 9, 2141-2165. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0219.1 onlinepdf
2017
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and L.N. Thomas, 2017: Ekman transport in balanced currents with curvature. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 47, 5, 1189-1203. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0239.1 onlinepdf
2016
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: A simple analytical model of the diurnal Ekman layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 46, 9, 2877-2894. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0031.1 onlinepdf
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden, 2016: Wind, waves, and fronts: Frictional effects in a generalized Ekman model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 2, 371-394. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0162.1 onlinepdf
2015
  • Wenegrat, J.O., and M.J. McPhaden, 2015: Dynamics of the surface layer diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (0°, 23°W), J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 120, 563-581, doi: 10.1002/2014JC010504 onlinepdf
2014
  • Wenegrat, J.O., M.J. McPhaden, and R.-C. Lien, 2014: Wind stress and near-surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1226-1231, doi: 10.1002/2013GL059149 onlinepdf
SUOMI/VIIRS courtesy of NASA

People

Click the photos for more info.

Jacob Wenegrat

Associate Professor
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Tomás Chor

Assistant Research Scientist
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Zhihua Zheng

Postdoctoral Researcher
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Zihan Chen

Graduate Student
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Katharina Gallmeier

Graduate Student
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Igor Uchoa

Graduate Student
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Eunice Kim

Undergraduate Researcher
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Group Alumni

Victoria Whitley - PhD AMSC (2020-2025)

Logan Knudsen - MS AOSC (2023-2025)

Rachel Wegener - MS AOSC (2021-2023)

Megan Brown - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2023-2024)

Madison Magaha - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2023)

Jennifer Salerno - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2023)

Skylar Lama - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2021-2022)

George Campe - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2021-2022)

Daniel Levy - Undergraduate researcher Math & Physics (2021)

Emma Bonanno - Undergraduate researcher AOSC (2020-2021)

I am always happy to chat with UMD undergraduate researchers, PhD students, and postdocs about opportunities to join our group at the University of Maryland, College Park. It helps to have a strong background in topics like math, physics, and scientific programming, but no experience in oceanography or ocean dynamics is necessary. If you would like to learn more I recommend starting by reading some of our recent publications, and taking a look at our group 'expectations' document which will hopefully give you a sense of my advising style and what it is like to work in our group. I also welcome you to get in touch to discuss possible research topics, funding opportunities, and how to apply.

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Contact


Jacob Wenegrat


Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science
University of Maryland, College Park
4254 Stadium Dr.
College Park, MD 20740


Email: wenegrat@umd.edu